Šiandien Žolinė, Šv. Mergelės Marijos dangun ėmimo šventė

Rugpjūčio viduryje lietuviai nuo seno šventė vasaros ir rudens sandūrą, kai svarbiausi lauko darbai jau buvo nudirbti. Žolinė (Dzūkijoje – Kopūstinė) – tai atsisveikinimo su želmenimis ir gėlėmis diena. Javai jau nupjauti ir suvežti, uogos ir vaisiai surinkti, privirta uogienių. Moterys šią dieną rinkdavo gražiausias laukų gėleles, vaistažoles, dėkodavo Žemei už derlių ir grožį. Ūkininkai šiai šventei iškepdavo duonos iš šviežio derliaus ir padarydavo alaus, giros. Žolinių švęsti susirinkdavo visa giminė, buvo prisimenami ir giminės mirusieji. Buvo tikima – kas neateis kartu švęsti per Žolinę, bus neturtingas. Šventės dieną buvo aukojami gyvuliai ir rituališkai kepama duona: naujojo derliaus miltų tešlos paplotėliai svaidomi iš rankų į rankas per ugnį, kol iškepdavo.

Romėnai šią dieną garbindavo deivę Dianą, graikai – Artemidę. Šios deivės buvo laikomos augalų ir gyvūnų globėjomis. Aptinkama žinių, kad 500 m. prieš Kr., rugpjūčio 15 dieną buvo atidaryta deivės Dianos šventykla Romoje, ant Avetino kalvos.

Lietuvoje įvedus krikščionybę, ši šventė sutapatinta su Švč. Mergelės Marijos dangun ėmimo diena. Pasakojama, kad Jėzaus motinos Marijos mirties apaštalai budėjo prie jos kapo. Petras išvydo, kaip Marija prisikėlė iš numirusiųjų ir Viešpats ją paėmė į dangų. Atidarę patikrinti karstą, apaštalai Marijos kūno neberado - karste buvo tik daugybė gražių gėlių.„Ir pasirodė danguje didingas ženklas: moteris, apsisiautusi saule, po jos kojų mėnulis, o ant galvos dvylikos žvaigždžių vainikas“ (Apr 12, 1). Taip apaštalas Jonas aprašo regėjimuose matytą Saulėtąją moterį – bažnyčios, kovojančios prieš žemės blogį, biblinį slibiną, simbolį. Marijos dangun ėmimo dogma paskelbta tik 1950 m., tačiau liturginis šio įvykio minėjimas žinomas nuo V amžiaus.

Kiekvienais metais Lietuvos bažnyčiose rengiami iškilmingi Žolinės atlaidai. Bažnyčiose šventinamos vaistingos laukų žolelės, gėlės, javai ir daržovės. Dzūkės nuo seno į gėlių puokštę įdėdavo morką, griežtį, buroką ar net kopūsto galvą. Pašventintų daržovių valgydavo visa šeimyna, padalydavo su pašaru gyvuliams, tikėdami, kad taip visi bus apsaugoti nuo ligų. Merginos nusipindavo ir pašventindavo devynis skirtingų augalų vainikėlius. Sudžiovinti žolynai būdavo laikomi pirkioje už šventųjų paveikslų, užėjus griaustiniui, jais smilkydavo namus, susirgę gerdavo iš jų išvirtą arbatą.

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